20 Essential IELTS Vocabulary Words for Common Test Topics

This Vocabulary is perfect for all parts of the IELTS Cambridge exam, including Speaking, Writing, Reading, and Listening preparation.

If you’re preparing for the IELTS test in 2024 and want to master the vocabulary needed to feel confident, “Cambridge Vocabulary for IELTS” is an essential resource. It includes:

• Noun List of words
• Verb List of words
• Adjective List of words
• Verb Phrases
• Idioms for IELTS
• Phrases with Time
• Adverb List of words
• Phrases Related to Life or Living
• Compound Nouns
• Useful Tips and Strategies for Exam Tasks
• Techniques for Learning and Remembering Vocabulary
• A Comprehensive Word List for Quick Reference

What This Vocabulary Aims to Achieve ?

This vocabulary guide is made for students who are studying on their own and want to review and expand their vocabulary. It can also be used in IELTS preparation classes or given as homework by teachers. It’s suitable for advanced learners and anyone studying English for academic reasons.

What are effective ways to learn and review vocabulary?

Some of the vocabulary you encounter may be new to you, while others might be words you’re familiar with but haven’t used correctly yet. Even if you think you know a word, you might still be making mistakes, like using the wrong preposition or verb. To help you organize and learn vocabulary more effectively, you could use a notebook and divide your words into these categories:

• New Words to Learn
• Words I Need to Use More
• Words I Often Make Mistakes With
• Topic Words (e.g., The Environment, Fuel, Energy, Work)

Alternatively, you can use different colors to highlight these words. For instance, use a blue highlighter for topic words, a red highlighter for words you often make mistakes with, and so on.

Growing Up

No.	Nouns	Meaning
1	Adolescence	Transition to adult stage
2	Adulthood	Transition to mature responsibilities
3	Bond	Connection, link, tie, relationship
4	Brotherhood	Unity, solidarity, camaraderie, fraternity
5	Character	Traits defining a person
6	Childhood	Early years of life
7	Connection	Linking, Relating, Associating, Joining
8	Fatherhood	Paternal responsibility and care
9	Friendship	Connection, Trust, Support, Companionship
10	Instinct	Natural, innate, automatic behavior
11	Interaction	Communication between two entities
12	Parent	Guardian, caregiver, progenitor
13	Relative	Related by family
14	Sibling	Brother or sister relationship
15	Teenager	Adolescent, Youth, Teen, Youngster
16	Ties	Connection through bonding
17	Upbringing	Childhood upbringing and development

Growing Up Vocabulary Words

.	Compound nouns	Meaning
18	Active role	Engagement in significant participation
19	Extended family	Relatives beyond immediate
20	Family gathering	Relatives coming together joyfully
21	Immediate family	Closest blood relatives
22	Maternal instinct	Motherly nurturing instinct
23	Sibling rivalry	Competitive tension among siblings
24	Stable upbringing	Consistent, nurturing family environment
25	Striking resemblance	Close similarity in appearance

26Compound nouns Words

.	Adjectives	Meaning
26	Close	Near; Shut; Intimate; Conclude
27	Close-knit	Strongly bonded together
28	Maternal	Relating to motherhood
29	Parental	Relating to parents’ role
30	Rewarding	Satisfying, fulfilling, worthwhile experience
31	Stable	Secure, firm, unchanging condition

Adjectives Words

.	verbs	Meaning
32	Accommodate	Provide lodging or space
33	Adopt	Accept, embrace, take on
34	Break down	Separate into parts
35	Develop	Evolve, progress, cultivate, advance
36	Endure	Persist through difficult times
37	Establish	Set up or create
38	Have sth in common	Share a common trait
39	Inherit	Receive property or traits
40	Interact	Engage with one another
41	Nurture	Care for growth development
42	Relate (to)	Connect or associate with

Verbs Words

MENTAL AND PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT

.	Nouns	Meaning
43	Ability	Capacity for skill
44	Adolescent	Teenager going through puberty
45	Behavior	Actions reflecting personal conduct
46	Childhood	Early life, formative years
47	Concept	Abstract idea or notion
48	Consequence	Result of an action
49	Gesture	Body language communication signal
50	Growth	Development or increase in size, quantity, or extent
51	Height	Elevation or vertical distance
52	Imagination	Creative mental picture-making
53	Infancy	Early stage of development
54	Infant	Baby, very young child
55	Knowledge	Understanding, awareness, information, comprehension
56	Maturity	Growth into adult behavior
57	Memory	Recall of past experiences
58	Milestone	Significant achievement or event
59	Mind	Faculty of cognitive awareness
60	Peers	Colleagues, equals, associates, comrades
61	Period	Interval of time duration
62	Phase	Stage or period transition
63	Rate	Assess, evaluate, assign value
64	Reminder	Memory aid prompt
65	Social skills	Interpersonal abilities or communication skills
66	Skills	Abilities, competencies, aptitudes, talents
67	Stage	Performance area or platform
68	Soddler	Young child learning to walk
69	Transition	Change from one state

MENTAL AND PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT Vocabulary Words

.	Adjectives	Meaning
70	Abstract	Summary: Conceptual, non-concrete
71	Cognitive	Related to mental processes
72	Clumsy	Awkward, ungainly, inelegant, graceless
73	Fond	Affectionate, liking, adoring, attached
74	Fully-grown	Adult, mature, developed, grown-up
75	Immature	Not fully developed yet
76	Independent	Self-reliant, autonomous, self-sufficient
77	Irresponsible	Lacking accountability or care
78	Mature	Adult, grown, developed, ripe
79	Patient	Enduring, tolerant, awaiting treatment
80	Rebellious	Defiant, disobedient, insurgent, nonconformist
81	Significant	Important, noteworthy, impactful, considerable
82	Tolerant	Accepting individual differences

Adjectives Words

.	adverb	Meaning
83	Typically	Usually, commonly, ordinarily

Adverb Words

.	Phrases with mind	Meaning
84	Bear in mind	Remember, keep in mind
85	Broaden the mind	Expand mental horizons
86	Have something in mind	Intend or plan
87	Have something on your mind	Thinking about something
88	It slipped my mind	Forgot momentarily
89	Keep an open mind	Be receptive, stay flexible
90	My mind went blank	Temporary mental lapse
91	Put your mind at ease	Relax, calm down

Phrases with mind Vocabulary

KEEPING FIT

.	Nouns	Meaning
91	Allergy	Immune reaction to allergen
92	Anxiety	Nervousness or worry
93	Appetite	Desire for food
94	Artery	Blood vessel carrying oxygen
95	Asset	Valuable possession or resource
96	Benefit	Advantage, gain, positive outcome
97	Cravings	Intense desires for something
98	Depression	Persistent low mood disorder
99	Diagnosis	Medical condition identification
100	Diet	Eating habits and nutrition
101	Dietician	Nutrition expert or Food specialist
102	Disease	Illness or sickness
103	(eating) Disorder	Disturbed eating pattern
104	Exercise	Physical activity for health
105	Factor	Influence, element, determinant, component
106	Fast food	Quick meal service
107	Fat	Excess body weight
108	Harm	Injury or damage
109	Health	Well-being, wellness, vitality, fitness
110	Heart attack	Cardiac event, severe chest pain
111	Infection	Disease-causing microorganism spread
112	Ingredients	Components of a mixture
113	Insomnia	Difficulty sleeping at night
114	Intake	Consumption of food/liquid
115	Junk food	Unhealthy processed food
116	Muscle	Tissue for movement
117	Nutrient	Essential dietary substance
118	Nutrition	Dietary intake and health
119	Obesity	Excessive body fat
120	Onset	Beginning, Start, Initiation, Commencement
121	Portion	Amount, share, segment, fraction
122	Risk	Possibility of loss
123	Serving	Providing assistance or help
124	Stress	Pressure, tension, anxiety, strain
125	Stroke	Brain blood vessel blockage
126	Treatment	Medical care or therapy
127	Therapy	Psychological healing process
128	Variety	Diverse range of options
129	weight	Measure of mass

KEEPING FIT Vocabulary

.	ADJECTIVE	Meaning
130	Acute	Severe or sudden
131	Allergic	Hypersensitive reaction
132	Alternate	Substitute or rotate
133	Brisk	Quick and energetic
134	Chronic	Long-lasting or persistent
135	Harmful	Causing damage or injury
136	Healthy	Good for well-being
137	Infectious	Transmittable, contagious
138	Moderate	Not extreme, balanced
139	Obese	Extremely overweight
140	Overweight	Excess body weight
141	Persistent	Continual, ongoing
142	Regular	Consistent, routine
143	Vital	Essential, crucial

ADJECTIVE Words

.	Verbs	Meaning
144	Avoid	Stay away from
145	Counteract	Oppose or neutralize
146	Curb	Restrain or limit
147	Cure	Remedy or heal
148	Diminish	Decrease or reduce
149	Disrupt	Interrupt or disturb
150	Eliminate	Remove completely
151	Maintain	Keep in existence
152	Overdo	Exceed appropriate limits
153	Overeat	Consume excessively
154	Prevent	Stop from happening
155	Recommend	Suggest or advise
156	Recover	Get back to health
157	Reduce	Decrease in size or amount
158	Skip	Miss or omit
159	Stimulate	Encourage or activate
160	Trigger	Initiate or spark

Verbs Words

LIFESTYLES

.	Nouns	Meaning
161	Activity	Engaged physical or mental endeavor
162	Aspect	Facet or viewpoint
163	Attitude	Mental outlook or disposition
164	(Achieve a) Balance	Equilibrium or harmony achieved
165	Competition	Contest or rivalry
166	Daily routine	Regular daily activities
167	Desire	Strong want or longing
168	Disappointment	Feeling let down or unsatisfied
169	Experience	Knowledge gained from events
170	Fulfillment	Satisfaction or completion
171	Goal	Objective or aim
172	Hobby	Leisure pursuit or pastime
173	Insight	Deep understanding or perception
174	Leisure	Free time or relaxation
175	Lifestyle	Way of living
176	Optimist	Positive thinker or hopeful person
177	Outlook	Perspective or viewpoint
178	Opportunity	Favorable chance or opening
179	Personality	Individual characteristics or traits
180	Pessimist	Negative thinker or gloomy person
181	Priority	Highest importance or precedence
182	Pressure	Force exerted or stress
183	Realist	Practical thinker or realistic person
184	Risk-taker	One who embraces uncertainty
185	Self-expression	Communication of personal identity
186	Sense	Perception or awareness

Nouns Words

.	ADJECTIVES	Meaning
187	Active	Engaged in action or movement
188	Bored	Uninterested or weary
189	Confused	Disoriented or unclear
190	Dissatisfied	Unhappy or discontented
191	Intense	Strong or extreme
192	Materialistic	Concerned with possessions or wealth
193	Negative	Unfavorable or pessimistic
194	Outdoor	Outside or in nature
195	Positive	Optimistic or favorable
196	Recreational	Leisurely or for enjoyment
197	Successful	Achieving desired outcomes

ADJECTIVES Words

.	verbs	Meaning
198	Achieve	Accomplish or attain
199	Appeal	Attract or be appealing
200	Attract	Draw in or allure
201	Choose	Select or decide upon
202	Express	Convey or communicate
203	Enjoy	Take pleasure in
204	Fulfill	Satisfy or meet requirements
205	Improve	Enhance or make better
206	Motive	Reason or drive
207	Participate	Take part in or join
208	Regret	Feel sorry about or lament
209	Relax	Unwind or rest
210	Satisfy	Fulfill or meet expectations

Verbs Words

.	Verb phrases	Meaning
211	Lead a happy life	Live joyfully or contentedly
212	Live life on the edge	Embrace risk or adventure
213	Live life to the full	Maximize experiences or opportunities
214	Make a choice	Decide between options
215	Make a decision	Choose a course of action
216	Make a living	Earn money or sustain oneself financially
217	Meet a need	Fulfill a requirement or necessity
218	Miss (an opportunity)	Fail to seize or take advantage of
219	Play a role	Assume a part or function
220	Put pressure on	Exert influence or stress upon
221	Set (a goal)	Establish an objective or target
222	Take part (in)	Participate or engage in
223	Work hard for a living	Labor diligently for income

Verb phrases Vocabulary

.	Phrases with life or living	Meaning
224	All walks of life	People from all backgrounds or circumstances
225	Cost of living	Expenses required for sustenance
226	Lifelong ambition	Long-held aspiration or goal
227	Living expenses	Costs for maintaining life
228	Once in a life time opportunity	Rare or unique chance
229	Standard of living	Level of comfort or wealth
230	Way of life	Lifestyle or manner of living

Phrases with life or living Vocabulary

STUDENT LIFE

nouns	Meaning
Assignment	Task given
College	Higher education
Controversy	Dispute or debate
Curriculum	Course content
Dissertation	Extended written work
Education	Learning process
Exam	Assessment test
Field	Area of study
Finding	Discovery or result
Funding	Financial support
Grade	Mark or level
Graduation	Completion of study
Grant	Financial aid
High school	Secondary education
Homework	Assigned study
Junior school	Early education
Kindergarten	Pre-school level
Learning disorder	Cognitive impairment
Lecturer	Academic instructor
Library	Collection of resources
Limits	Boundaries or restrictions
Masters	Advanced degree
Nursery	Early childhood education
PhD	Doctoral degree
Primary school	Elementary education
Program	Course of study
Project	Assigned task
Research	Investigative study
Resources	Materials or funds
Results	Outcomes or findings
Scholarship	Financial award
Scope	Range or extent
Secondary school	High school
Sources	Origins or references
Syllabus	Curriculum outline
Task	Assigned job
Theory	Hypothetical explanation
Thesis	Academic argument
Tutor	Private instructor
Topic	Subject of discussion
University	Higher education institution

nouns Words

adjectives	Meaning
Academics	Scholarly pursuits
Eligible	Qualified or entitled
Mixed	Combined or varied
Postgraduate	Advanced study
Relevant	Pertinent or applicable
Senior	Higher grade or level
Single-sex	Only one gender
Studious	Diligent in study
Work-related	Pertaining to employment

adjectives words

Verbs	Meaning
Adopt	Take on or embrace
Analyse	Examine closely
Conduct	Carry out or manage
Concentrate	Focus intensely
Consider	Ponder or think about
Find out	Discover or learn
Graduate	Complete studies
Learn	Acquire knowledge
Organise	Arrange systematically
Overcome	Conquer or defeat
Review	Examine or evaluate
Revise	Amend or modify
Struggle	Effortful endeavor
Take	Accept or acquire

Verbs Words

ADVERB	Meaning
Relatively	In comparison

ADVERBS Words

EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION

Nouns	Meaning
Accuracy	Precision or correctness
Communication	Exchange of information
Concept	Idea or notion
Conjecture	Guess or speculation
Dialect	Regional language variation
Fluency	Smoothness or proficiency
gesture	Physical expression
Hesitation	Pause or uncertainty
Language	System of communication
Language barrier	Obstacle to understanding
Linguist	Language expert
Linguistics	Study of languages
Means of communication	Method of conveying
Mother tongue	First language learned
Native speaker	Person with fluent proficiency
Pronunciation	Articulation of words
Sign language	Visual communication system
Vocabulary	Lexicon or word list

EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION Nouns Vocabulary

adjectives	Meaning
Incoherent	Not clear or disjointed
Inherent	Intrinsic or innate
Sophisticated	Complex or advanced
Spontaneous	Unplanned or natural

adjectives Words

Verbs	Meaning
Clarify	Make clear or explain
Communicate	Share information
Comprehend	Understand or grasp
Conclude	Reach a decision
Confirm	Verify or affirm
Converse	Engage in conversation
Define	Give meaning to
Demonstrate	Show or prove
Distinguish	Differentiate or discern
Emerge	Come forth or appear
Evolve	Develop or progress
Explain	Elaborate or clarify
Express	Convey or articulate
Gesture	Non-verbal communication
Illustrate	Clarify with examples
Imply	Suggest indirectly
Indicate	Point out or show
Pronounce	Articulate words
Recall	Remember or recollect
Refer	Mention or allude to
Signify	Represent or mean
State	Express or declare
Stutter	Speech impediment
Suggest	Propose or recommend
Translate	Convert from one language to another

Verbs Words

Idioms	Meaning
There is something to be said	Worth considering or discussing
Needless to say	Obvious or self-evident
Have a say	Express an opinion
When all is said and done	After everything
Having said that	Despite what was said
To say the least	Understating the situation
You can say that again!	Completely agree
That is to say	In other words

Idioms Vocabulary

ON THE MOVE

Nouns	Meaning
Accommodation	Lodging or housing
Attraction	Place of interest
Community	Group of people
Countryside	Rural area or land
Destination	End point of travel
Eco-tourism	Sustainable tourism
Effect	Influence or result
Facilitates	Makes easier or enables
Identification	Recognizing or proving identity
Inhabitant	Resident or dweller
Itinerary	Planned route or schedule
Journey	Travel from one place to another
Landscape	Physical environment or scenery
Luggage	Bags or belongings
Peak	Highest point or summit
Tourism	Travel for recreation
Transport	Conveyance or transportation
Travel	Movement between locations
Traveling	Engaged in travel
Trend	Popular pattern or direction
Trip	Journey or excursion
Village	Small settlement
Tourist	Visitor or traveler

ON THE MOVE Vocabulary

Adjectives	Meaning
Adventurous	Bold or daring
Budge	Move or adjust
Breathtaking	Astonishing or stunning
Coastal	Along the coast
cosmopolitan	Culturally diverse
Diverse	Varied or different
Flexible	Adaptable or adjustable
Foreign	From another country
Local	Pertaining to the area
Luxurious	Lavish or indulgent
Mountainous	Having many mountains
Peaceful	Calm or serene
Picturesque	Charming or scenic
Polluted	Contaminated or dirty
Quaint	Charming or old-fashioned
Remote	Isolated or distant
Rough	Uneven or harsh
Rural	Countryside or rustic
Scenic	Beautiful or picturesque
Stunning	Strikingly beautiful
Tough	Difficult or resilient
Traditional	Conventional or customary
Unspoilt	Untouched or pristine
Urban	City or metropolitan

Adjectives Words

Verbs	Meaning
Affect	Impact or influence
Fluctuate	Change or vary

Verbs Words

THROUGH THE AGES

Nouns	Meaning
Age	Period of existence
Archaeologist	Scientist studying artifacts
Century	Period of one hundred years
Decade	Period of ten years
Era	Historical period
Evidence	Proof or indication
Excavation	Digging or archaeological site
Generation	Group born at same time
The middle ages	Historical period
Millennia	Thousands of years
Period	Interval or era
Phase	Stage or segment
Pioneer	Trailblazer or innovator
Timeline	Chronological sequence

THROUGH THE AGES Vocabulary

adjectives	Meaning
Ancient	Very old or antique
Chronological	In order of time
Consecutive	Following in sequence
Historical	Relating to history
Imminent	About to occur
Middle-aged	Midway through life
Nostalgic	Longing for the past
Prehistoric	Before recorded history
Prior	Before or preceding
Punctual	On time or prompt
Time-consuming	Requiring much time

adjectives Words

verbs	Meaning
Erode	Wear away or deteriorate
Infer	Deduce or conclude
Predate	Exist earlier than
Span	Duration or extent

verbs Words

Phrases with time
In time	Eventually or on schedule
Lose track of time	Forget time passing
On time	Prompt or punctual
Save time	Preserve time
Spend time	Utilize time
Take so long	Require much time
The right time	Appropriate moment

Phrases with time Vocabulary

ADVERBS	Meaning
Chronologically	In time order
Formerly	Previously or in the past
Previously	Before now or earlier
Subsequently	Later or afterward

ADVERBS Words

THE NATURAL WORLD

Nouns	Meaning
Agriculture	Farming or cultivation
Animal kingdom	All animals collectively
Burrow	Hole or tunnel
Climate	Weather conditions
Crop	Cultivated plant
Decline	Decrease or fall
Den	Animal’s lair or shelter
Disaster	Catastrophic event
Ecological balance	Natural equilibrium
Ecology	Study of ecosystems
Evolution	Development over time
Extinction	Development over time
Habitat	Natural environment
Human nature	Innate characteristics
Insect	Small arthropod
Mother nature	Natural world
Pesticides	Chemicals to control pests
Predator	Hunter or carnivore.
Prey	Hunted or targeted animal
Repercussions	Consequences or effects
Scent	Smell or aroma
Species	Group of organisms
Soil	Earth’s upper layer
Vegetation	Plant life
Vermin	Pest or nuisance
Weed	Unwanted plant
Fauna	Animal life
Flora	Plant life
Genetics	Study of genes

THE NATURAL WORLD Vocabulary

Adjectives	Meaning
Arid	Dry or parched
Catastrophic	Disastrous or tragic
Disastrous	Calamitous or devastating
Domesticated	Tamed or cultivated
Endangered	At risk of extinction
Extinct	No longer existing
Genetically-modified	Altered through genetics
Introduced	Brought into a new environment
Native	Indigenous or original
Natural	Existing in nature
Resistant	Immune or unyielding
Semi-arid	Partly dry
Tropical	Warm and humid
Vulnerable	Susceptible or exposed
Wild	Untamed or uncultivated

Adjectives Words

Verbs	Meaning
Adapt	Adjust or modify
Combat	Fight or confront
Cultivate	Grow or nurture
Eradicate	Eliminate or exterminate
Evolve	Develop or change
Hibernate	Sleep through winter
Tolerate	Endure or accept

Verbs Words

REACHING FOR THE SKIES

Nouns	Meaning
Asteroid	Celestial body
Astronaut	Space traveler
Atmosphere	Gaseous envelope around Earth
Cosmos	Universe or space
Crater	Bowl-shaped depression
Debris	Scattered remains
Earth	Planet we inhabit
Exploration	Discovering or investigating
Explorer	Adventurer or discoverer
Galaxy	Collection of stars
Gas	State of matter
Gravity	Force of attraction
Horizon	Distant line
Launch	Send off or propel
Meteor	Falling space rock
Moon	Earth’s natural satellite
Ocean	Large body of water
Orbit	Circular path
Outer space	Beyond Earth’s atmosphere
Planet	Celestial body
Radiation	Energy emission
Rocket	Spacecraft launcher
Satellite	Orbiting object
Simulator	Training device
Solar system	Sun and its planets
Space	Universe beyond Earth
Spacecraft	Vehicle for space travel
Space shuttle	Reusable spacecraft
Space station	Habitable structure
Surface	Outer layer
Universe	All existing matter
Weightlessness	Absence of gravity

REACHING FOR THE SKIES Vocabulary

Adjectives	Meaning
Commercial	Relating to commerce
Cosmic	Relating to cosmos
Extreme	Intense or severe
Gravitational	Related to gravity
Horizontal	Parallel to ground
Inevitable	Unavoidable or certain
Lunar	Related to the moon
Meteoric	Rapid or spectacular
Outer	External or exterior
Solar	Relating to the sun
Terrestrial	Alien, Earth-related
Toxic	Poisonous or harmful
Uninhabitable	Not fit for living
Universal	Relating to entire universe
Unmanned	Without a crew or operator

Adjectives Words

Verbs	Meaning
Acclimatise	Adapt to climate
Colonise	Establish colonies
Explore	Investigate or discover
Float	Remain on surface
Orbit	Revolve around
Propel	Drive or thrust
rotate	Spin or turn
Sustain	Maintain or support
Simulate	Imitate or replicate
Undergo	Experience or endure

Verbs Words

DESIGN AND INNOVATION

Nouns	Meaning
Balcony	Platform on building
Brick	Rectangular building material
Building	Constructed structure
Ceiling	Upper limit of room
Concrete	Building material
Construction	Building process
Cottage	Small rural dwelling
Design	Plan or blueprint
Device	Tool or mechanism
Elevator	Lift for vertical transport
Engineering	Application of science
Frame	Skeleton or structure
Gadget	Small device or tool.
Housing	Shelter or accommodation
Innovation	New invention or idea
Invention	Newly created device
Landmark	Notable feature or event
Lift shaft	Vertical passage for elevator
Occupant	Person residing in place
Platform	Raised surface or stage
Quarry	Mine or excavation site
Residence	Place of living
Skyscraper	Tall building
Staircase	Series of steps
Steel	Alloy of iron
Storage	Space for keeping items
Structure	Design, Framework or organization
Tension	Strain or stress
Timber	Wood used in construction

DESIGN AND INNOVATION Vocabulary

Adjectives	Meaning
Airy	Light and spacious
Conventional	Traditional or standard
Cosy	Comfortable and warm
Cramped	Confined or crowded
Curved	Bent or rounded
Disposable	Single-use or throwaway
Domestic	Relating to home
Exterior	Outer surface or outside
Functional	Practical and useful
Futuristic	Forward-thinking or innovative
High-rise	Tall building or tower
Innovative	Creative or inventive
Internal	Inside or inner
Mass-produced	Manufactured in bulk
Modern	Contemporary or up-to-date
Multi-storey	Having multiple floors
Old-fashioned	Outdated or traditional
Ornate	Elaborately decorated
Prefabricated	Pre-made or modular
Single-storey	One level
Spacious	Large and roomy
State-of-the-art	Advanced or cutting-edge
Traditional	Conventional or customary
Two-storey	Two levels
Typical	Characteristic or usual
Ultra-modern	Extremely modern or advanced

Adjectives Words

Verbs	Meaning
Activate	Turn on or start
Automate	Make automatic or mechanize
Build	Construct or erect
Condemn	Sentence or judge
Construct	Build or create
Decorate	Adorn or embellish
Demolish	Destroy or knock down
Design	Plan or create
Develop	Grow or evolve
Devise	Invent or create
Haul	Transport or carry
Hoist	Lift or raise
Invent	Create or devise
Maintain	Keep or preserve
Occupy	Inhabit or reside in
Reconstruct	Rebuild or renovate
Renovate	Refurbish or improve
Support	Hold up or sustain
Trigger	Initiate or activate

Verbs Words

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Nouns	Meaning
Automatic pilot	Self-operating system
Computerization	Process of computerizing
Connection	Link or association
Data	Information or facts
Device	Tool or instrument
Function	Purpose or role
Gadget	Small device or tool
The internet	Global computer network
Keyboard	Input device
Laptop	Portable computer
The latest	Most recent
Memory	Storage capacity
Monitor	Display screen
Patent	Legal protection for invention
Program	Set of instructions
Prototype	Original model
Remote control	Device for wireless control
Silicon chip	Semiconductor
Technology	Application of science
Vision	Ability to see
Wireless connection	Wireless network
Telecommunications	Communication over a distance
Keypad	Input device with keys

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Vocabulary

ADJECTIVES	Meaning
Compact	Small and efficient
Computerised	Controlled by computer
Cutting-edge	Innovative or advanced
Cyber	Relating to digital technology
Dated	Outdated or old-fashioned
Digital	Relating to digits or data
Labour-saving	Reducing manual effort
Portable	Easily carried
State-of-the-art	Advanced or cutting-edge
Up-to-date	Current or modern
User-friendly	Easy to use
Virtual	Simulated or computer-generated
Wireless connection	Wireless network

ADJECTIVES Words

Verbs	Meaning
Access	Entry or admission
Connect	Link or join
Download	Transfer data from internet
Display	Show or exhibit
Envisage	Imagine or foresee
Operate	Control or run
Revolution	Radical change or innovation
Scroll	Move through text or images
Speculate	Conjecture or guess
Store	Keep or retain
Surpass	Exceed or outdo

Verbs Words

adverb	Meaning
Automatically	Without human intervention

Adverb Word

THE MODERN WORLD

Nouns	Meaning
Attitude	Outlook or mindset
Brand	Product or company
Culture	Beliefs and customs
Cycle	Periodic sequence
Demographics	Population characteristics
Development	Growth or progress
Diversity	Variety or range
Globalisation	Worldwide integration
Hindsight	Understanding after event
Icon	Symbol or representative
Identity	Individuality or uniqueness
Implication	Suggestion or consequence
Impact	Effect or influence
Increase	Growth or rise
Influence	Impact or sway
Industry	Sector or field
Isolation	Solitude or separation
Joint venture	Collaboration or partnership
(Have a) Monopoly	Exclusive control
Market	Commercial arena
Modernisation	Process of modernizing
Multiculturalism	Coexistence of cultures
Percentage	Proportion or rate
Population	Total inhabitants
Prediction	Forecast or estimate
Projection	Forecast or prediction
Proportion	Ratio or percentage
Rate	Speed or frequency
Statistics	Data analysis
Trend	Pattern or tendency

THE MODERN WORLD Vocabulary

ADJECTIVES	Meaning
Ageing	Getting older
Current	Present or existing
Demographic	Relating to population
Elderly	Senior or aged
Ethnic	Relating to ethnicity
Exotic	Foreign or unusual
Global	Worldwide or international
Local	Relating to locality
Long-term	Extended period
Mid-term	Intermediate period
Multicultural	Diverse cultural backgrounds
Productive	Efficient or fruitful
Sceptical	Doubtful or questioning
Short-term	Brief period
Subsequent	Following or next
Wealthy	Rich or affluent
Worldwide	Global or international

ADJECTIVES Words

Verbs	Meaning
Compound	Combine or mix
Contribute	Contribute or give
Decline	Decrease or fall
Diminish	Decrease or lessen
Dominate	Control or monopolize
Dwindle	Decrease or shrink
Factor	Element or cause
Indicate	Show or suggest
Merge	Combine or unite
Migrate	Move or relocate

Verbs Words

URBANISATION

Nouns	Meaning
Benefit	Advantage or gain
Challenge	Difficulty or obstacle
Compromise	Agreement or settlement
Difficulty	Problem or obstacle
Dilemma	Difficult choice
Inhabitant	Resident or occupant
Infrastructure	Basic facilities
Isolation	Solitude or separation
Issue	Problem or concern
Megacity	Large urban area
Migrant	Relocating person
Obstacle	Barrier or hindrance
Overpopulation	Excessive population
Population	Total inhabitants
Poverty	State of being poor
Resolution	Solution or determination
Setback	Reverse or obstacle
Slum	Poor and overcrowded area
Solution	Answer or remedy
Tolerance	Acceptance or openness
Traffic	Movement of vehicles
Urbanisation	Growth of cities

URBANISATION Vocabulary

ADJECTIVES	Meaning
Adequate	Sufficient or suitable
Basic	Fundamental or essential
Booming	Thriving or prospering
Catastrophic	Disastrous or tragic
Crowded	Full or congested
Decent	Acceptable or satisfactory
Developing	Evolving or growing
Double-edged	Having both positive and negative aspects
Isolated	Alone or remote
One-sided	Biased or partial
Long-sighted	Farsighted or visionary
Long-term	Extended period
Overpriced	Expensive or costly
Overworked	Worked excessively
Pressing	Urgent or critical
Rural	Countryside or rustic
Short-sighted	Myopic or nearsighted
Short-term	Brief period
Staggering	Astonishing or shocking
Tolerant	Accepting or open-minded

ADJECTIVES Words

Verbs	Meaning
Address	Deal with or tackle
Adjust	Adapt or modify
Aggravate	Worsen or exacerbate
Cause	Bring about or create
Compete	Vie or contend
Compound	Combine or mix
Deal with	Handle or manage
Deteriorate	Decline or worsen
Enhance	Improve or enrich
Exacerbate	Worsen or aggravate
Exclude	Omit or leave out
Face	Confront or confront
Flourish	Thrive or prosper
Identity	Recognize or distinguish
Improve	Enhance or better
Include	Incorporate or comprise
Linger	Remain or persist
Modify	Alter or change
Overcome	Conquer or defeat
Present	Offer or show
Raise	Elevate or lift
Reform	Improve or amend
Regulate	Control or manage
Remedy	Fix or cure
Resolve	Solve or settle
Tackle	Address or confront
Tolerate	Accept or endure
Transform	Change or convert
Worsen	Deteriorate or decline

Verbs Words

Verb Phrases	Meaning
Find a solution	Solve a problem
Overcome a difficulty	Conquer an obstacle
Reach/find a compromise	Achieve agreement
Remedy a situation	Fix a problem
Resolve a issue	Settle a problem

Verb Phrases Vocabulary

THE GREEN REVOLUTION

Nouns	Meaning
Acid rain	Polluted rain
Biodiversity	Variety of life forms
Climate change	Environmental shift
Contamination	Pollution or impurity
Deforestation	Clearing of forests
Disposal	Removal or elimination
Drought	Period of dryness
Ecosystem	Natural environment
Emission	Release of pollutants
The environment	Natural surroundings
Erosion	Wear away of land
Exhaust	Release waste gases
Fertilizer	Plant nutrient
Flood	Overflow of water
Food	Edible substance
Food chain	Sequence of consumption
Fumes	Gas or vapor
Greenhouse gases	Atmospheric pollutants
Impact	Effect or influence
Pollutant	Contaminant or impurity
Pollution	Environmental contamination
Process	Procedure or method
Refuse	Waste or garbage
Strain	Pressure or stress
Threat	Menace or danger
Waste	Unwanted material

THE GREEN REVOLUTION Vocabulary

Adjectives	Meaning
Achievable	Possible or attainable
Advantageous	Beneficial or favorable
At risk	In danger
Beneficial	Advantageous or helpful
Chronic	Long-lasting or persistent
Conceivable	Imaginable or possible
Contaminated	Polluted or impure
Devastating	Destructive or ruinous
Doubtful	Uncertain or dubious
Environment	Surroundings or habitat
Environmentally	Relating to environment
Feasible	Possible or practical
Fruitless	Unsuccessful or futile
Futile	In vain or pointless
Immune	Resistant or protected
Impracticable	Unworkable or unrealistic
Improbable	Unlikely or doubtful
In danger	At risk or threatened
Insoluble	Unsolvable or unanswerable
Irreparable	Unfixable or irreversible
Irreplaceable	Invaluable or unique
Irreversible	Permanent or unchangeable
Liable	Responsible or accountable
Life-threatening	Potentially deadly
Pervasive	Widespread or prevalent
Pointless	Purposeless or futile
Pristine	Untouched or pure
Questionable	Doubtful or uncertain
Recyclable	Able to be recycled
Sustainable	Environmentally friendly
Taxing	Demanding or arduous
Unattainable	Impossible to achieve
Unlikely	Improbable or doubtful
Unprecedented	Unprecedented or novel
Useless	Ineffective or futile
Viable	Feasible or workable
Vital	Essential or crucial
Worthless	Valueless or useless

Adjectives Words

verbs	Meaning
Confront	Face or tackle
Contaminate	Pollute or taint
Dispose of	Get rid of
Dump	Discard or dispose of
Threaten	Endanger or intimidate

verbs Words

Adverbs	Meaning
Inexorable	Relentless or unstoppable
Inevitably	Unavoidably or unavoidably

Adverbs Words

THE ENERGY CRISES

Nouns	Meaning
Atmosphere	Gaseous envelope around Earth
Balance	Equilibrium or stability
Biofuel	Fuel from organic matter
Carbon	Element found in nature
Carbon dioxide	CO2, greenhouse gas
Crises	Critical situations or emergencies
Electricity	Form of energy
Emissions	Release of gases
Exhaust	Fumes from combustion
Fossil fuel	Fuel from ancient remains
Fuel	Substance for energy
Fumes	Gaseous emissions
Gas	State of matter
Greenhouse gases	Atmospheric pollutants
Hybrid	Combination or mix
Hydrogen	Element with symbol H
Petrol	Gasoline or fuel
Resources	Available materials or assets
Turbine	Rotating machine
Vehicle	Means of transportation

THE ENERGY CRISES Vocabulary

Adjectives	Meaning
Alternative	Substitute or option
Critical	Crucial or essential
Disposable	Single-use or throwaway
Drastic	Extreme or severe
Eco-friendly	Environmentally friendly
Efficient	Effective or productive
Effective	Successful or efficient
Environmentally friendly	Eco-friendly or green
Nuclear	Relating to atomic energy
Rechargeable	Capable of being recharged
Renewable	Sustainable or reusable
Solar	Relating to the sun
Unleaded	Free of lead

Adjectives Words

Verbs	Meaning
Absorb	Soak up or take in
Conserve	Preserve or save
Consume	Use or deplete
Convert	Change or transform
Counter	Oppose or counteract
Deplete	Exhaust or use up
Diminish	Decrease or reduce
Discharge	Release or emit
Dwindle	Decrease or shrink
Emit	Release or discharge
Expand	Increase or grow
Limit	Restrict or confine
Maintain	Preserve or uphold
Outweigh	Surpass or exceed
Preserve	Protect or conserve
Retain	Keep or hold
Waste	Squander or misuse

Verbs Words

TALKING BUSINESS

Nouns	Meaning
Advertisement	Promotion or ad
Advertising	Promotional activities
Boss	Supervisor or manager
Campaign	Organized effort
Candidate	Contender or applicant
Career	Occupation or profession
Clerk	Office worker or assistant
Client	Customer or patron
Colleague	Coworker or associate
Company	Business or corporation
Consumer	Buyer or customer
Credibility	Trustworthiness or believability
Customer	Client or buyer
Earning	Income or salary
Employee	Worker or staff
Employer	Boss or manager
Employment	Job or work
Experience	Knowledge or skill
Goods	Merchandise or products
Income	Earnings or revenue
Industry	Sector or field
Interview	Meeting or discussion
Job	Work or employment
Job satisfaction	Contentment with work
Labourer	Worker or manual laborer
Management	Administration or leadership
Manual	Physical or hands-on
Market	Commercial arena
Marketing	Promotional activities
Meeting	Gathering or assembly
Money	Currency or wealth
Niche	Specialized market
Occupation	Job or profession
Office	Workplace or headquarters
Overtime	Extra hours
Packaging	Container or wrapping
Pay	Salary or wages
Perk	Benefit or bonus
Product	Item or commodity
Profession	Occupation or career
Prospects	Outlook or potential
Qualifications	Credentials or skills
Retirement	End of working life
Salary	Income or wages
Shares	Stock or equity
Shift work	Rotating schedule
Skills	Abilities or talents
Staff	Employees or personnel
Supervision	Oversight or management
Takeover	Acquisition or buyout
Target	Goal or objective
Trade	Commerce or exchange
Trend	Pattern or tendency
Unemployment	Lack of employment
Wages	Earnings or salary
Workforce	Labor force or employees
Workplace	Work environment or office

TALKING BUSINESS Vocabulary

Adjectives	Meaning
Casual	Informal or relaxed
Demanding	Challenging or taxing
Economic	Relating to economy
Economical	Cost-effective or thrifty
Exhausting	Tiring or draining
Hospitality	Welcoming or friendly
Monotonous	Repetitive or dull
Part-time	Not full-time
Retail	Sales or selling
Redundant	Unnecessary or surplus
Rewarding	Fulfilling or satisfying
Unemployed	Jobless or out of work
Unskilled	Lacking specialized skills

Adjectives Words

Verbs	Meaning
Apply	Submit or request
Compete	Vie or contend
Earn	Make money or receive
Endorse	Approve or support
Invest	Put money into
Persuade	Convince or sway
To be promoted	Advance in position
Request	Ask for or solicit
Retire	Stop working or withdraw

Verbs Words

THE LAW

Nouns	Meaning
Actions	Deeds or activities
Arson	Deliberate fire-setting
Authority	Power or control
Burglary	Break-in or theft
Consequences	Results or outcomes
Convict	Criminal or felon
Crime	Illegal act or offense
Crime rate	Incidence of crime
Criminal	Lawbreaker or offender
Deterrent	Preventive measure
Evidence	Proof or indication
Fine	Penalty or fee
Fraud	Deception or swindle
Imprisonment	Incarceration or jail
Inequality	Disparity or imbalance
Intent	Purpose or intention
Intrusion	Trespass or invasion
Judge	Judicial official or arbiter
Jury	Panel of judges
Kidnapping	Abduction or snatch
Lawyer	Attorney or counsel
Motive	Reason or cause
Murder	Homicide or killing
Offence	Violation or transgression
Pickpocketing	Theft from pockets
Prevention	Avoidance or stopping
Prison	Jail or penitentiary
Prisoner	Inmate or convict
Property	Possession or belongings
Prosecutor	Legal representative
Protection	Security or defense
Punishment	Penalty or consequence
Recklessness	Carelessness or heedlessness
Smuggling	Illegal trade or trafficking
Social	Relating to society
Swearing	Cursing or profanity
The accused	Defendant or suspect
Toxic waste	Hazardous refuse
Vandalism	Destruction of property
Victim	Target or prey
Violation	Breach or infringement

THE LAW Vocabulary

Adjectives	Meaning
Criminal	Lawbreaking or unlawful
Drug-related	Related to narcotics
Evil	Wicked or malevolent
Guilty	Responsible or culpable
Harsh	Severe or stern
Innocent	Not guilty or blameless
Intentional	Deliberate or planned
Low-abiding	Compliant with laws
Non-violent	Peaceful or pacifist
Offensive	Insulting or objectionable
On trial	Under legal examination
Petty	Minor or trivial
Punishable	Deserving of punishment
Random	Arbitrary or chance
Strict	Rigorous or severe
Unintentional	Accidental or inadvertent
Victimless	Without victim or harm

Adjectives Words

Verbs	Meaning
Abide	Follow or obey
Abolish	Eliminate or annul
Combat	Fight or oppose
Deter	Discourage or prevent
Enforce	Implement or uphold
Imprison	Incarcerate or confine
Monitor	Observe or oversee
Obey	Follow or adhere to
Offend	Violate or transgress
Perpetrate	Commit or carry out
Prevent	Stop or avert
Protect	Defend or safeguard
Prove	Demonstrate or verify
Punish	Penalize or discipline
Resent	Dislike or begrudge
Respect	Honor or esteem
Violate	Infringe or breach

Verbs Words

Verb Phrases	Meaning
Accept the consequences	Acknowledge results
Commit a crime	Engage in wrongdoing
Convict a crime	Determine guilt legally
Impose a fine	Levy a penalty
Pass a law	Legislate or enact
Solve a crime	Resolve a criminal case

Verb Phrases Vocabulary

Nouns	Meaning
Access	Entry or admission
Attitude	Mindset or perspective
Author	Writer or creator
Bias	Prejudice or preference
Censorship	Suppression or restriction
Challenge	Test or trial
Credibility	Trustworthiness or believability
Current affairs	News or events
Editor	Publisher or reviser
Expose	Reveal or uncover
Exposure	Presentation or revelation
Fame	Celebrity or renown
Free press	Unrestricted media
Ideology	Belief system or doctrine
Influence	Impact or sway
The internet	Global network
Investigation	Inquiry or examination
Issue	Problem or topic
Journal	Periodical or magazine
Journalism	News reporting
Mass media	Communication outlets
Media	Communication channels
Network	System or group
The news	Current events
Newspaper	Periodical publication
Newsstand	Vending location
Opinion	Belief or viewpoint
Paparazzi	Celebrity photographers
Press	News media
Privacy	Confidentiality or seclusion
Publication	Printed work
Publicity	Exposure or promotion
Publisher	Print house or editor
Relevance	Pertinence or importance
Safeguard	Protect or defend
Source	Origin or cause
Speculation	Guesswork or conjecture
Tabloid	Sensational newspaper
The web	Internet or cyberspace

Nouns Words

Adjectives	Meaning
Alternative	Substitute or option
Artificial	Synthetic or man-made
Attention	Focus or notice
Biased	Partial or prejudiced
Celebrity	Famous person or star
Controversial	Debated or disputed
Distorted	Twisted or misrepresented
Entertaining	Amusing or enjoyable
Factual	Based on fact
Informative	Educational or enlightening
Intrusive	Invasive or interfering
Investigative	Inquiring or probing
Mainstream	Conventional or popular
Pervasive	Ubiquitous or widespread
Realistic	True to life
Sensationalist	Dramatic or exaggerated
Superficial	Shallow or surface-level
Unbiased	Neutral or impartial
Well-informed	Knowledgeable or educated

Adjectives Words

Verbs	Meaning
Affect	Influence or impact
Broadcast	Air or transmit
Censor	Suppress or restrict
Control	Command or manage
Exploit	Utilize or capitalize on
Expose	Uncover or reveal
Inform	Educate or enlighten
Intrude	Invade or encroach
Invade	Intrude or trespass
Investigation	Inquiry or examination
Publicize	Promote or advertise
Publish	Release or print
Report	Inform or recount
Review	Assess or critique
Verify	Confirm or authenticate

Verbs Words

THE ART

NOUNS	Meaning
Actor	Performer in drama or film
Actress	Female performer
Aesthetics	Beauty or art appreciation
Appreciation	Recognition or gratitude
Artefact	Artifact or man made object.
Artist	Creative individual
Atmosphere	Ambiance or vibe
Audience	Spectators or viewers
Ballerina	Ballet dancer
Ballet	Classical dance form
Carving	Sculpting or engraving
Conception	Idea or concept
Concert	Musical performance
Crafts	Handmade items
Creation	Artistic production
Culture	Society’s customs
Emotion	Feeling or sentiment
Exhibition	Display or show
Expression	Communication of emotion
Festival	Celebration or event
Gallery	Art exhibition space
Image	Visual representation
Imagination	Creativity or fantasy
Influence	Impact or sway
Inspiration	Creative motivation
Intimacy	Closeness or familiarity
Literature	Written works
Mood	Atmosphere or feeling
Musician	Instrumental performer
Opera	Classical vocal performance
Orchestra	Musical ensemble
Painting	Visual artwork
Performance	Artistic presentation
The performing art	Live entertainment
Play	Theatrical production
Portrait	Artistic depiction of person
Proportion	Ratio or scale
Reflection	Contemplation or thought
Response	Reaction or feedback
Sculptor	Artist who sculpts
Sculpture	Three-dimensional art
Stimulus	Catalyst or trigger
Style	Artistic manner or form
Taste	Preference or flavor
Theatre	Venue for performances
Theme	Central idea or motif
Venue	Location or site
Works	Artistic creations
Writer	Author or scribe

THE ART Vocabulary

Adjectives	Meaning
Abstract	Conceptual or non-representational
Accomplished	Skilled or proficient
Aesthetic	Artistic or pleasing
Burgeoning	Growing or developing
Classical	Traditional or timeless
Creative	Imaginative or inventive
Cultural	Relating to culture
Distracting	Diverting or disturbing
Electric	Energetic or vibrant
Eclectic	Diverse or varied
Emotional	Feeling or expressive
Fundamental	Basic or essential
Imaginative	Creative or fanciful
Influential	Persuasive or impactful
Interactive	Involving or participatory
Literary	Pertaining to literature
Live	In-person or real-time
Magical	Enchanting or mystical
Monotonous	Tedious or repetitive
Mundane	Ordinary or routine
Passionate	Intense or fervent
Popular	Well-liked or trendy
Prominent	Notable or conspicuous
Relaxing	Calming or soothing
Stimulating	Inspiring or invigorating
Visual	Pertaining to sight
Vivid	Bright or colorful

Adjectives Words

Verbs	Meaning
Choreograph	Plan or arrange movements
Create	Produce or generate
Depict	Represent or portray
Enrich	Enhance or improve
Escape	Evade or avoid
Imagine	Conceive or envision
Influence	Impact or sway
Inspire	Motivate or influence
Participate	Take part or engage
Perform	Execute or enact
Provoke	Incite or stimulate
Transcend	Surpass or exceed

Conclusion

Effectively learning and revising vocabulary is essential for improving your language skills and achieving success in the IELTS exam. By organizing new and challenging words into categories or using color-coded highlighters, you can better manage and review your vocabulary. This approach not only helps you track your progress but also ensures you use words accurately and confidently.

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